Concentration of CO2 in the Atmosphere

Building Efficiency Tips

Air Ducts: Out of Sight, Out of Mind

The unsealed ducts in your attic and crawlspaces lose air, and uninsulated ducts lose heat — wasting energy and money.

Air ducts are one of the most important systems in your home, and if the ducts are poorly sealed or insulated they are likely contributing to higher energy bills.

Unsealed ducts in your attic and crawlspaces lose air, and uninsulated ducts lose heat -- wasting energy and money.

Unsealed ducts in your attic and crawlspaces lose air, and uninsulated ducts lose heat — wasting energy and money.

Your home’s duct system is a branching network of tubes in the walls, floors, and ceilings; it carries the air from your home’s furnace or central air conditioner to each room. Ducts are made of sheet metal, fiberglass, or other materials.

Ducts that leak heated air into unconditioned spaces can add hundreds of dollars a year to your heating and cooling bills. Insulating the ducts in unconditioned spaces is usually very cost-effective. If you are installing a new duct system, make sure it comes with insulation.

Sealing your ducts to prevent leaks is even more important if the ducts are located in an unconditioned area such as an attic or vented crawlspace. If the supply ducts are leaking, heated or cooled air can be forced out of unsealed joints and lost. In addition, unconditioned air can be drawn into return ducts through unsealed joints.

Although minor duct repairs are easy to make, qualified professionals should seal and insulate ducts in unconditioned spaces to ensure the use of appropriate sealing materials.

Minor Duct Repair Tips

  • Check your ducts for air leaks. First, look for sections that should be joined but have separated and then look for obvious holes.
  • Duct mastic is the preferred material for sealing ductwork seams and joints. It is more durable than any available tape and generally easier for a do-it-yourself installation. Its only drawback is that it will not bridge gaps over one quarter of an inch. Such gaps must be first bridged with mesh-type drywall tape or a good quality heat approved tape.
  • If you use tape to seal your ducts, avoid cloth-backed, rubber adhesive duct tape — it tends to fail quickly. Instead, use mastic, butyl tape, metal-foil tape, or other heat-approved tapes. Look for tape with the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) logo.
  • Remember that insulating ducts in the basement will make the basement colder. If both the ducts and the basement walls are not insulated, consider insulating both. Water pipes and drains in unconditioned spaces could freeze and burst if the heat ducts are fully insulated because there would be no heat source to prevent the space from freezing in cold weather. However, using an electric heating tape wrap on the pipes can prevent this. There may be some pipes more prone to freezing than others, due to their location. Generally speaking, do not bury pipes in insulation in the basement. Check with a professional contractor.
  • Hire a professional to install both supply and return registers in the basement rooms after converting your basement to a living area.
  • With cooling ducts, be sure a well-sealed vapor barrier exists on the outside of the insulation on to prevent moisture condensation.
  • If you have a fuel-burning furnace, stove, or other appliance or an attached garage, install a carbon monoxide (CO) detector to alert you to harmful CO levels.
  • Be sure to get professional help when doing ductwork. A qualified professional should always perform major changes and repairs to a duct system.

Install a Carbon Monoxide Detector

Carbon monoxide (CO) detectors are required in buildings in many states. They are highly recommended in homes with fuel-burning appliances such as natural gas furnaces, stoves, ovens, water heaters, and space heaters. An alarm signals if CO reaches potentially dangerous levels.

Learn more about minimizing energy losses in ducts and insulating ducts and other areas of your home at energy.gov/energysaver/articles/tips-air-ducts.

CAPTION:  Unsealed ducts in your attic and crawlspaces lose air, and uninsulated ducts lose heat — wasting energy and money.

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